Basal Ganglia

Internal Structure of the Basal Ganglia

In the above diagram the Putamen is commonly called the Striatum, or Corpus Striatum; and the lateral and medial parts of the Globus Pallidus are commonly referred to as the Globus Pallidus externa and interna (see below).

GPe= Globus Pallidus externa; GPi= Globus Pallidus interna; STN= Subthalamic Nucleus; SN= Substantia Nigra; C=Caudate Nucleus; Th=Thalamus

Internal Structure of the Midbrain and Substantia Nigra

The Substantia Nigra of the midbrain is divided into three parts: the pars compacta neurones contains dopamine, while the less densely packed pars reticulata neurones contain GABA. The pars lateralis is usualy considered to be an extension of the pars compacta.

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Gray's Anatomy

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The diagram below shows a simple sketch as to the connections of the basal ganglia. The basal ganglia receive inputs from many areas of association cortex, and send information back to the premotor and supplementary motor cortices, chich in turn control the output of the motor cortex through the cortico-spinal tract. Note that there is a circuit from the basal ganglia to the substanita nigra. Another looped circuit from the basal ganglia passes through the subthalamic nucleus and back(not shown in this diagram).

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